Page 43 - Difference or Disorder Digital Version

Difference or Disorder?

PHONOLOGY AND PHONOTACTICS

Patterns of Native Language Influence: Example:
Replacement of voiceless “th” (θ) with /s/ or thumb – sum OR tum
/t/ in all positions mouth – mous OR mout
Replacement of voiced “th” (ð) with /z/ or /d/ they – zey OR dey
in all positions other – ozer OR oder
Omission of /h/ in all positions how – ‘ow
happy – ‘appy
Replacement of “ch” with “sh” in all positions chocolate – shocolate
chicken – shicken
Omission of /z/ allophone of plural /s/ dogs ‐ dog
/ɹ/ distortion or deletion father – fatha

Overproduction of /I/ and –ing going – /goIŋgə/ (“going‐guh”)
smile – /smaIlə/ (“smile‐luh”)
These sounds are softer and often unreleased
in English. French speakers may
overemphasize them and sometimes add a
schwa /ə/ sound after them.
All syllables of equal length, no reduction of DIFficulty (/dIfəkəltɨ/) ‐ DIFFICULTY
unstressed vowels to schwa /ə/ (/difikulti/)

English is known as a stress‐timed language Note: A French speaker may not
and French is known as a syllable‐timed adequately shorten unstressed syllables
language. In English, unstressed syllables are in a multisyllabic word or may produce
noticeably shorter than stressed ones and the the vowel the same in every word
vowel is usually reduced to a schwa.. regardless of stress.
Replacement of /I/ with /i/ witch – weetch

Short English vowels that do not occur in
French may be substituted with a long vowel
equivalent.
Replacement of /e/ with /ɛ/ wait ‐ wet

Tense or long English vowels that do not
occur in French may be substituted with a lax
or short vowel equivalent.
Stops in word‐initial position are unaspirated /pʰig/ ‐ /pig/ (will sound more like “big”)
Nasalization of vowels dance – /dɑ̃s/ instead of /dænts/

French has four nasal vowels (/ɛ̃/ /œ ̃ / /ɔ̃/
/ɑ̃/), which are represented in written words
by one or more vowels followed by a single
/n/ (“‐ain”, “‐in”, “‐un”, “‐en”, etc.) These
vowels do not exist in English.
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(Brosseau‐Lapré & Rvachew, 2013; Lefebvre et al., 2008; Maillart et al., 2004; Maillart &
Parisse, 2008)

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