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Chapter 12: RUSSIAN
CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS FOR SPEECH
Venn Contrast: Russian & English Consonants Phonemes
Russian English
j
j
j
/m / /n / /p / /p/ /b/ /t/* /ɹ/ /ŋ/
j
j
j
/b / /f / /v / /d/* /k/ /g/ /ð//θ/ /h/
j
j
/t / /d / /m/ /n/*/s/
j
j
/s //z / /r / /z/ /j/ /l/*/ʃ/ /dʒ//w/
j
j
j
/l / /r //x//ts/ /ʒ/ /tʃ/
j
/tʃ / /r/ /f/ /v/
Phonemes marked with an asterisk (*) are always dentalized in Russian. The following sounds also occur in
Russian but are considered by most linguists to be allophones rather than phonemes: kʲ, gʲ, xʲ, ʒʲ, ɣ, dz, d ʒʲ.
Venn Contrast: Russian & English Vowel Phonemes
Russian English
/ɔ/
/ɑ/ /e/
/ɨ/** /ʌ/ /I/
/i/ /o/
/u/ /æ/ /ʊ/
/ɛ/ /ə/
70
(Gildersleeve‐Neumann & Wright, 2010; Hamilton, 1980; Kedrova, et al., 2002, Ladefoged, 2014)
** There is controversy about whether [ɨ] is a phoneme or an allophone of [i] in Russian.
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