Page 75 - Difference or Disorder Digital Version

Difference or Disorder?

speakers” (Fung & Roseberry‐McKibbin, 1999). Only /m/ and /ŋ/ are permitted in word final

position in Mandarin, which leads to the substitution or omission of sounds in at the ends of

words in English, which permits many different sounds in word final position (Hua, 2007).

There are no consonant clusters in Mandarin, while English has many consonant clusters. The

result is often a reduction of consonant clusters to a single consonant sound, or sometimes a

complete omission of the consonant cluster.

PHONOLOGY AND PHONOTACTICS

Patterns of Native Language Influence:
Pattern: Example:
Omission of final consonants or cup – cu
substitution of /m/ or /ŋ/ in final position ton‐toŋ
Devoicing of phonemes dog – tog

Confusion between /l/ and /r/ lamp – ramp
Confusion between /tʃ/and /ʃ/ children – shildren

Addition of a neutral vowel such as /ə/ play – puhlay
between consonants in a cluster

Reduction of a consonant cluster to a single play – pay
consonant

Omission of a consonant cluster central – cenal
Substitution of [θ] with [s] thin – sin

Lengthening of the short vowels of English give – geev
( /æ/ /ʌ/ /ʊ/ /I/)
(Hua, 2007; Hua & Dodd, 2000; Peña‐Brooks & Hegde, 2007)

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