Page 63 - Difference or Disorder Digital Version

Difference or Disorder?

Patterns of Native Language Influence: Examples:
Omission or distortion of diphthongs ride – rid

In Japanese, there are generally no
diphthongs.
English /r/ may sound like a combination of rent – rlent
/r/ and /l/
Non‐labial consonants in front of /I/ are seat – sheet
palatalized zero – zhero

Consonant /t/ in front of /I/ and /u/ is teacher – cheacher
palatalized and affricated
/w/ may be omitted when it precedes any weather – ather
vowels except /a/
(Fengping, 2004; Ohata, 2004; Paul, Simons, & Fennig, 2014; Shizuo, Kakita, &
Okada, 2011)

CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE: MORPHOSYNTAX

Note: Sentences marked with an asterisk (*) are not grammatical.

Examples of
Feature Japanese English Errors
Word order Flexible Strict Subject‐Verb He ball threw.*/ He
Object order threw the ball.
Plurals Do not exist Exist He bought three
ball.*/ He bought
three balls.
Auxiliary verbs Do not exist Exist He walking.*/ He is
walking.
Verbs inflection A single form is used Two present tense She go.*/She goes.
regardless of person forms. My father work.*
or number /My father works.
Passive voice Used in different Object precedes The woman was cut
circumstances and is verb and stating his hair.*/His hair
constructed the subject is was cut by the
differently, which optional woman.
may result in word
order errors
Adjectives/adjectival Precede the nouns Typically precede Faster than you he
phrases they modify (no nouns, but may is.*/He is faster
matter how long the follow nouns than you.
phrase)
Articles Do not exist Exist He threw ball.*/He
threw the ball. 51
Relative pronouns Do not exist Exist New in school
teacher said
hello.*/The teacher,
who is new to the
school, said hello.

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