Page 49 - Difference or Disorder Digital Version

Difference or Disorder?

DEVELOPMENTAL NORMS FOR SPEECH

Age Sounds
1;6‐1;11 /p, m, d/
2;0‐2;5 / b , n /

2;6‐2;11 /ŋ, h, t, k, f, l, s, z, v, x/
3;0‐3;5 /j, g, ʁ, pf/

3;6‐3;11 /ts/
4;0‐4;5 / ç /
(Fox, 2007; Fox & Dodd, 1999)
Note: Age range for 90% criterion mastery

DEVELOPMENTAL NORMS FOR PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES

Age of Suppression Phonological process
2;5 Replace /ʁ/ with glottal sound
2;11 Weak syllable deletion, Deaffrication

2;5 for /ŋ/, 3;5 for /k,g/ Fronting
3;11 Vocalization, Assimilation, Cluster reduction

(Fox, 2007; Schäfer & Fox, 2006)

PHONOLOGY AND PHONOTACTICS

Patterns of Native Language Influence: Example:
Replacement of /w/ with /v/ want – vant
Replacement of /Ɵ/ with /t/ or /s/ thing – sing

Replacement of /ð / with /d/ that – dat
Devoicing of all final consonants mad – mat

bag – back

(Fox, 2007)
Note: In German, voiced consonants are always devoiced at the end of a word.

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