Page 37 - Difference or Disorder Digital Version

Difference or Disorder?

PHONOLOGY AND PHONOTACTICS

Patterns of Native Language Influence: Example:
Replacement of voiceless “th” (θ) with /t/ or thumb – tum
/s/ mouth – mous
Replacement of voiced “th” (ð) with /d/ or /z/ they – dey
in all positions these – zeese
Addition of /ɛ/ in front of /st/ clusters stop‐estop
store‐estore
In Farsi, words cannot start with an clusters
beginning with /s/.
Replacement of /w/ with /v/ what‐vat
why‐vy
Distortion of /ɹ/ in all positions, often /ɾ/ may be distorted in a variety of ways
resembling a trilled /r/ in initial position
Short English vowels that do not occur in witch – weetch
Farsi may be substituted with a long vowel ditch‐deetch
equivalent

CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE: MORPHOSYNTAX

Note: Sentences marked with an asterisk (*) are not grammatical.

Feature Farsi English Examples of Errors
Word order Flexible Strict Subject‐Verb‐ Ali pen took. */Ali took the
Object pen.

Pronoun One word for third Three words for third (when talking about a boy)
gender person singular person singular (he, She drinks water*/He drinks
she, it) water.

Adjectives Adjective follows Adjective precedes The ball big*/ The big ball.
noun noun

Use of subject Pro‐drop: pronoun Pronoun is always Drinks water*/He drinks
pronouns is not required required water.

Articles No articles Articles present I went to store*/I went to
before nouns the store.

Preposition Does not exist “to” I go school*/I go to school.
marking
direction 25

Question Questions marked Word order inversion You give me water?*/ Will
formation by inflection or addition of “do” you give me a water?

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