Page 17 - Developmental Norms

Phonological Development

Substitution Patterns in English and Spanish

Age 2 Age 3 Age 4 Age 5

Stopping S

E
B = Bilingual Spn/Eng

Fron ng
S
E

B = Bilingual Spn/Eng
Liquid
S
Simplifica on E

B = Bilingual Spn/Eng
Gliding
S
E

B = Bilingual Spn/Eng
Assimila on
S
E

B = Bilingual Spn/Eng
Backing S

E

B = Bilingual Spn/Eng
Vocaliza on
E

B = Bilingual Spn/Eng

Flap /
S
Trill Devia on
B = Bilingual Spn/Eng

Each bar indicates the acceptable age range for use of the process found across various studies. Arrows indicate continued use of
the process beyond age 5. Refer to the following chart for more specific age information.

S = Spanish E = English B = Bilingual Spn/Eng
Goldstein and Iglesias, 2006; Grunwell, 1982; Shriberg, 1993
Find more great resources at www.bilinguis cs.com. Copyright 2019 17