Page 89 - Difference or Disorder Digital Version

Difference or Disorder?

DEVELOPMENTAL NORMS FOR PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES

Age of
Suppression Phonological process
3 Final Consonant Deletion, Medial Consonant Deletion, Weak Syllable
Deletion, Initial Consonant Deletion, Fronting, Assimilation, Backing

5 Gliding, Cluster Reduction, Stopping, Liquid Simplification, Flap/Trill
Deviation
(Bedore et al., 2007; Fabiano and Goldstein, 2010; Goldstein and Iglesias, 2006)

PHONOLOGY AND PHONOTACTICS

Patterns of Native Language Influence: E x a m p l e :
Replacement of voiceless “th” (/θ/) with /t/ thumb – tum
or /s/ in all positions mouth – mous
Replacement of voiced “th” (/ð/) with /d/ in they – dey
all positions
Replacement of /z/ with /s/ in all positions. buzz – bus
Replacement of “sh” with “ch” or vice‐versa shoe – choe
in all positions chicken – shicken
watches –washes
Replacement of /v/ with /b/ in all positions very – bery
Replacement of “j” with “y” or vice‐versa in jello – yellow
initial position
Distortion of /ɹ/ in all positions, often /r/ distortion
resembling a trilled /r/ in initial position
Devoicing or omission of final consonants dog – doc
mixed – miss
In Spanish, only 5 consonant sounds (r, s, l,
n, d) appear at the end of words, whereas in
English, more consonants are allowed in
word final position, including consonant
clusters, such as /kst/ in “mixed” and /ŋz/ in
“meetings.”
Omission or distortion of final consonant didn’t – din
clusters. don’t – don

Spanish syllables are mostly consonant‐
vowel (CV), and clusters usually only have
two consonants. In English, syllable shapes
are more varied and clusters can have up to
three consonants, such as /str/ in “strong.”
Addition of schwa vowel /ə/ before /s/ or study – estudy
omission of /s/ in initial consonant clusters spoon – poon 77

In Spanish, words cannot start with an /s/
cluster, but in English, they can.

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