Page 109 - Difference or Disorder Digital Version

Difference or Disorder?

Feature AAE SAE Examples
Regular past tense Omitted and optional Required in He start crying an hour
marker: –ed tenses/phases regular verbs ago./ He started crying
permitted an hour ago.

She been done./ She
finished work (a long
time ago).

They been had that
dog./ They had the dog
(for years).

Irregular past tense Past participle is Past tense verb is She seen him./ She saw
verbs substituted used him. He knowed it./ He
knew it.

Modals Uses double modals Uses single I might could play./ I
for “might,” “could,” modals might be able to play.
“should”

Present and past “Been” or “done” are Uses “have, has, I been there before./ I
perfect verb forms used to show past had” plus “been” have been there before.
action that has been
completed recently I been finished./ I have
or to emphasize that finished./
it was completed a
long time ago He been gone./ He’s
been gone for a long
time.

Future tense verbs “Will” is not used and “Will” is inserted They be here soon./
“fixing to” (minus the before “be” or They will be here soon.
auxiliary verb) is the auxiliary + ‐
substituted for “is ing is used He finna (also written
going to” fixina, fixna, fitna, finta,
fittin ) go./ He is going to
go.

Negation Use of multiple Single negatives Nobody don’t never 97
negatives and the and the agree with me./ No one
word ain’t is contractions isn’t, ever agrees with me. I
permitted aren’t, hasn’t, ain’t goin./ I’m not
don’t, haven’t going.

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