Page 6 - Developmental Norms

Early Sound Development Quick Reference Tables

The Emergence of the Sounds of Speech in Infancy.

Stage Age (months) Type
Stage 1: 0-1 Vowels, consonants, throaty sounds, and phonation
The Phonation Stage with a closed mouth

Stage 2: 2-3 Velar (/k/ and /g/) consonants
The Goo Stage

Stage 3: 4-6 Strong vowels, bilabial trills, squeals, growling
The Expansion Stage

Stage 4: 7-10 Patterned, consonant-vowel combinations,
The Canonical Stage reduplicated babble (mama), and non-reduplicated
(ada)

Stage 5: 11-12 Diverse babble (bada), gibberish, intonation
The Variegated Babble Stage

Adapted from Oller (1980).

Speech Development in the First Year

Stage Class Type
1 Vegetative function Crying, fussing, nasal (closed mouth) phonation

2 Cooing sounds First voicing, pleasure, laughter, nasal sounds, velar
sounds

3 Vocal play Vocalic and consonant elements, frication, nasal murmurs

4 Mastery of speech-like activity Babbling, controlled CV transitions, reduplicated and non-
reduplicated sounds

Adapted from Stark (1980).

Vowel Chart

Indicates direction of acquisition over time.

Indicates most common vowels found in babbling.

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