Page 3 - Developmental norms sample 210216

Consonant Vowel Co-occurrence Constraints in Babbling

Consonants

/p/, /b/, /m/ /t/, /n/, /d/ /g/, /k/

Bilabial C+ Central V: /pa.pa/
Coronal C+ Frontal V: /da.da/

Velar C + Back V: /gu.gu/

Adapted from MacNeilage & Davis, (2000). Front Central Back

Vowels

Consonant Frequency

This chart illustrates the average frequency of occurrence of consonants in spoken English .

More Frequent Consonants Less Frequent Consonants

Sound % Sound %
h 31.77% v 1.03%
d 20.58 l 0.96

b 9.79 θ 0.85
m 6.69 z 0.56
t 4.34 f 0.37

g 4.15 ʃ 0.37
ð
s 3.45 0.34
w 3.39 ŋ 0.33
Ʒ
n 2.65 0.1
k 2.12 r 0.1

j 1.77 ƫƒ 0
p 1.63 ʤ 0

Totals 92.33% Totals 5%
Adapted from Locke (1983).

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